Conceptual Art as a Response to Modernism Thesis

Applied Art as a Response to Modernism - Thesis Example The paper Calculated Art as a Response to Modernism breaks down applied workmanship. Calculated workmanship was an evaluate and a pushback against innovation, just in light of the fact that innovation had a structure and a spot in history and hypothesis of craftsmanship. As indicated by Harrison and Wood, pioneer craftsmanship expect the connection among workmanship and language and workmanship and hypothesis. Hypothetical craftsmanship, as per Harrison and Wood is post hoc, in that it expands upon custom and what has gone previously. In this sense, innovator workmanship, while new and a disavowal of customary artistic expressions, despite everything held a similarity to past fine arts. The innovators investigated the future in their craft, and constructed their ideas on the â€Å"new man,† yet, the structures that they investigated didn't wander to a long way from conventional craftsmanship, as they searched for a â€Å"different methods for articulation most appropriate to every part of his language: line, surface and color†. At the end of the day, craftsmen investigated various thoughts and various methods of making craftsmanship, and various methods for articulation, yet these investigations happened inside the bounds of acknowledged works of art, for example, painting, mold and so forth. In this way, it is maybe amusing that one of the dads of the theoretical craftsmanship development was a man who was related with innovation, and that was Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp was the primary craftsman who conceptualized ordinary things as centerpieces. Or on the other hand, rather, he was the main craftsman who had the option to transform ordinary things into masterpieces, essentially by expressing that these things were something different completely.

Lets Talk About Dying

Introduction Summary Greg Konen In Peter Saul’s (2011) â€Å"Let’s Talking about Dying† talk, he opened up with an exceptionally powerful articulation that when 2000 synapses kick the bucket day by day he contends that our perishing procedure actually really has begun. As a doctor, he reports that he has seen numerous adjustments over the most recent thirty years. One critical change is the job of innovation in social insurance. Innovation, he contends, is credited with life drawing out, instead of life saving.He additionally expresses that interminable sicknesses are presently taking control in the perishing procedure. He proposed that the four different ways to pass on are: (an) abrupt demise, (b) terminal sickness, (c) organ disappointment, and (d) feebleness (Saul, 2011). Unexpected demise is declining because of innovation and expanded instruction. Terminal sickness is typically held for the more youthful individual. Organ disappointment will lead individual s into the Intensive Care Unit of the nearby medical clinic. He reports that there is multiple times more pressure related with this kind of death (Saul, 2011).He additionally expresses that one of every five United States residents will encounter this sort of death (Saul, 2011). The last method to kick the bucket, fragility, is the thing that the vast majority will encounters. Life span breeds delicacy. This waning limit is an inescapable piece of maturing (Saul, 2011). This expanded life span prompts longer life; not really better life (Saul, 2011). The key for human services experts is regarding understanding decisions (Saul, 2011).To investigate this idea, Saul embraced some exploration endeavors to investigate the withering procedure in Australia. He found that one out of one hundred patients had propelled mandates which he called a â€Å"dialogue† (Saul, 2011). A diagram checked on indicated that the social insurance calling neglected to address the requirements of cutt ing edge orders with their patients (Saul, 2011). Saul contended that regarding understanding decisions should simply be typical practice for medical clinics (Saul, 2011).He summed up his discussion by expressing that the two most significant inquiries in regards to the withering procedure are: (a) who would you like to settle on your choices? also, (b) have you addressed that individual? (Saul, 2011). His end quote by Dame Cicely Saunders, â€Å"You matter since you will be you, and you matter to the last snapshot of your life† is a piercing update that a great many people need, and merit control, in the withering procedure. Reference Saul, T. , (2011, November). Let’s talk about biting the dust. Recovered from http://www. ted. com/talks/peter_saul_let_s_talk_about_dying. html

Part 2 of This I Believe - Part 2

Part 2 of This I Believe - Part 2I believe in The Power of This I Believe, in Part I and Part II, The power of this is to make you believe you have a power and when you don't have it. In Part I we did just that; we said this is the power of this I believe.It's an incredible thing to be able to have a faith, a faith for something and you don't have it in yourself. I can think of a couple of people in this room right now who are better people than I am. They just do not believe.They just don't believe, I am going to get to it and go out and do unbelievable things. That's why I have such amazing support and friends. They believe it, and they're better people for believing it, they have such a good character. I believe that if you practice a lot you will get better at believing it and then they never give up.I believe there are many people who are right on the right track and they just don't know it. You just have to believe in something and when you are convinced of it, then there is no struggle and when there is no struggle, then you get to achieve all the goals you have set for yourself. If you want to go for anything and everything you need to go for a belief in your life and your dreams.It's an amazing thing and you can't just try and believe it and hope it will come to you. You have to use something as leverage to get to your goal because it's not going to just fall into your lap.There is an incredible way to harness this energy in your mind and let it run the race for you. This thing I believe in has to be second nature to you. You can't be upset about this or get mad about this, you just have to believe in it. If you learn how to do this, then you will be successful at anything.Now what this does is if you can harness this energy and turn it into great things, it will happen automatically. This is the key to success in everything that you do and it is going to save you more time and money, so I would urge you to consider it.To this I say I believe. Here is Part II of my That's I Believe essay. Go and get your copy today and go for greatness.

Essay on Theory Critique Crabb and Hawkins - 1241 Words

Theory Critique: Crabb and Hawkins Liberty University Summary of the Content Both authors express many overlapping elements of revealed truth in regard to the process of counseling and the problems that are derived in the life of clients and people suffering from disorders and psychologically unhealthy mindsets. Hawkins utilizes a theory of 5 concentric circles defining the human psyche and physiology. Hawkins goes on to relay his theory of counseling that utilizes 4 phases in which the counselor and the client work through the issues that hinder the client and formulate a plan of action in which the client is assisted in overcoming issues and able to become accountable and productive within the community. Crabb’s (1977) theory of†¦show more content†¦Hawkins continues to track the action plan of the counseling process and to follow its progress. He does this with a strategy in which 4 phases are modeled in a grid (Hawkins, 2012). Phase 1 is a listening and understanding phase for the counselor. In Phase 2 the counselor begins to set the direc tion and proposes and pre tests drawing out proposals from the client for an action plan thus also reality testing the client’s proposal for action as well. During Phase 3 the counselor directs a formation for a plan of action which is collaboratively structured by both client and counselor, the client must take ownership for implementation while the counselor takes ownership for the assistance in development of the plan for action. In the final Phase 4 the counselor supports the commitment for change within the client’s action plan by arranging for accountability within the community (Hawkins, 2012). Evaluation of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Crabb Dr. Crabb (1977) utilizes four aspects of integration involved in the goal of counseling, which as he expresses within his view the goal of counseling is Christ likeness based on a foundation of spiritual and psychological maturity. The four approaches are labeled by Crabb (1977) as such; 1) separate but equal,Show MoreRelatedTheory Critique of Crabb and Hawkins Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesTheory Critique of Crabb and Hawkins Jeremy Poling Liberty University Integration Dr. Crabb suggests that there are four viewpoints to integrating spirituality and psychology. The first being â€Å"Separate but Equal† This viewpoint ascertains that psychology and spirituality do not mix any more than if a person needs a filling for a cavity or the excising of their wisdom teeth, they do not peruse the scripture for direction the person goes to a dentist. This view is not solid for its veryRead MoreChristian Counseling and Secular Psychology 1320 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Critique In our fast passed and ever changing society, personal experiences built up over time and often make life difficult to deal with over time. Everyone has their own prospective on what is important and how they will tackle various problems they face from day to day. It is the responses to our harsh environment and experiences that can often manifest into feelings such as: anxiety, resentment and possibly guilt (Crabb, 1977). It is those that have negative experiences in life thatRead MoreComparing Adams with Backus and Chapian1451 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Comparisons 1 Comparing and Contrasting Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling with Hawkins Model For Guiding The Counseling Process Craig L. Rich Counseling 507 Dr. Evans Liberty University August 27, 2012 Comparing Theories 2 In this paper, I will discussing Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling (1977) and the Hawkins Model for GuidingRead MoreCritique of Crabb Hawkins738 Words   |  3 PagesA Critique of Two Theories Betty Finney Liberty University COUN 507 Summary Dr. Crabb ‘s model integrates theology and psychology and refers to it as, â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians (Crabb, 1977). His approach geared more to sound biblical principles and doctrine. I researched â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians†, as to, I was curious about the scripture base. Spoiling the Egyptians refers to Exodus 12:40-42, as God watched over the Israelites as they went through the wildernessRead MoreTheory Critique1539 Words   |  7 PagesA Critique of Two Theoretical Models: Crabb and Hawkins Amy E. Yesalavich Liberty University COUN 507-B09 Dr. Alan Cheney May 27, 2012 Summary Psychology has been primarily viewed as a methodical system that seeks empirical evidence to explain nature, while theology is often viewed as reasoning based on man’s eternal destiny as discussed in biblical teachings. Falsities are held within both of these historical beliefs. PsychologyRead MoreCrabb Theory Critique1057 Words   |  5 PagesCrabb and Hawkins Theory Critique Sherrie Miller Liberty University COUN 507 201220 B03 January 29, 2012 Dr. Timothy Heck January 29, 2012 Introduction/Summary The integrative Christian perspective of Lawrence Crabb in his book, Effective Biblical Counseling is enlightening on the simplest level. The overall presentation and concept creates much introspection of motives, which threaten ones biblical thinking and behavior patterns that create relationship and personal problems. ThereRead MoreThe Integration of Christianity and Psychology3666 Words   |  15 PagesPersonal Theory Paper: Future Counseling Theory Paper Bethany F. Miracle Liberty University Abstract In this paper, I discussed my personal theory regarding the integration of Christianity and psychology, as it relates to my beliefs, and how the summation of these two components will be reflected in my future counseling practice. I considered several factors that were critical to my personal counseling theory. First, I considered the human personality, such as, individual differences, motivationsRead MorePersonal Theory Paper3660 Words   |  15 PagesPersonal Theory Paper Evie Kuhn Liberty University Abstract This paper is the development of my personal theory on Christian Counseling. I use many scriptural references to support my beliefs and stress the importance of gaining wisdom and knowledge from the bible. It incorporates all of the presentations, readings, and critiques I did at Liberty University’s Theology and Spirituality in counseling course. I talk about how I integrate Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality into my Christian

Functionalism from Classical to Contemporary Theory

Functionalism is a social theory that has its foundations in the birth of the discipline called sociology (Adams Sydie, 2002 p.05). Angste Comte, considered the founder of sociology, believed that sociological matters should be explained through scientific study. Functionalism is a method of study based primary on facts, objectively measured, essentially applying the scientific method to the study of society, social actions and interactions. Functionalism is interested in the relationships between systems within society. Functionalism is a top down theory that looks for grand scale explanations to society. As a sociological theory, Functionalism sees social structure or the organization of society as more important than the individual.†¦show more content†¦Parsons pattern variables closely resemble the work by Durkheim on division of labor that makes individuals dependent upon one another because of the professionalization and specialization of the labor force. Durkheim was concerned about how the division of labor changed the way that people felt they were part of society. Durkheim used the terms organic and mechanical societies, these would also be analogous with Max Weber’s traditional and modern society. Parsons pattern variables were more complex that the concepts by Durkheim in an attempt to better explain social action between people or groups (Adams Sydie, 2002 p.16). Parsons student, Robert Merton a mid-range theorist contributed to the modernization of sociological functionalism by challenging the foundational hypotheses of Functionalism that all functions serve a purpose or they fade from society (Adams Sydie, 2002 p.26). Merton claims that, in a differentiated modern society not all functions may be relevant to a systems needs or may they provide secondary functions. Merton’s manifest and latent functions indicate that a function that services a primary need in society could also provide a secondary service. This may be observed in viewing the intended function of marijuana prohibition. The intended or manifest function of marijuana prohibition is to prevent the use of a conscious altering substance; the latent function has been the overcrowding of the prisons in theShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Theory in Social Research1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of theory in social research is that without a sociological theory, nothing can be sociological. Facts disconnected from theory are just facts. Theory makes the facts speak; the facts don’t and cannot speak for themselves. Without a connection to other facts, we cannot assess anything. With theory, you can relate facts to each other. Theory is the body of interrelated logical concepts or universals that connect to empirical facts and phenomena. Empirical research is okay as long as thereRead MoreCompare and Contrast Structuralism and Functionalism1310 Words   |  6 PagesSTRUCTURALISM AND FUNCTIONALISM In my opinion both of the theories structuralism and functionalism involved the study of the human mind and how it works and they were both concerned with the mind at the conscious level. Personally, my feel of the two is that functionalism is more important than structuralism. I believe that functionalism is far better school than structuralism as it is more flexible and scientific in nature which I can relate myself with. I happen to think that functionalism is an objectRead MoreTalcott Parsons And Structural Functionalism1428 Words   |  6 Pages Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structure that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and soci al institutions. A common analogy, popularized by Herbert SpencerRead MoreGestalt Psychology1707 Words   |  7 Pages1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Multiple Choice Questions 1. The term â€Å"psyche† when translated from the Greek is most closely associated with the term A) habit. B) life. C) study. D) mind. 2.The essential difference between behavior and mental processes is A) complexity. B) observability. C) controllability. D) ease of description. 3. Why is psychology a science? A) It attempts to separate the elements of the mind. B) It uses rigorous methods of observation. C) It has more than one researchRead Morecheat sheet1448 Words   |  6 Pages1. The sociological perspective, as a way of thinking about the world, includes the sociological imagination from C. Wright Mills, the beginner’s mind from Bernard McGrane, and the idea of culture shock from anthropology. Explain what all three of these concepts have in common. Response: All three of these concepts have in common are the idea of breaking down social barriers to gain a different perspective on culture people and behaviors. When a person is in a new area where the culture is differentRead MoreHistorical Roots Of The 20th Century1329 Words   |  6 PagesSociological roots can be traced back in the works of thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius. However, according to ‘classical origins’, it emerged in the early 19th century as a reaction to the challenges of modern society. Growing, belief in science, mobility and technical development brought crucial changes in the way people saw life, such as the collapse of traditional norms and loss of religion authority. Social scientists and thinkers of that time reacted to these changes and tried toRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Social Facts1071 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1 Introduction to Sociology SO1005 Q) Critically evaluate Durkheim’s theory of ‘Social Facts’ and how might it be used for a study of contemporary society. In this essay, I will go on to examine Durkheim’s theory of social facts from his book and evaluate how might it be used in contemporary society, ‘The Rules of Sociological Method.’ Durkheim is one of the pioneers of the functionalism and is considered to be one of the founders of classic sociology. Durkheim states that theRead MoreStructural Functionalism and Conflict Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesStructural Functionalism amp; Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in allRead MoreMexican Society in the eyes of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim1118 Words   |  5 Pagesto explore a current event in Mexican society and the influence of social media which we attempt to view through the eyes of both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. We will focus on Karl Marx’s conflict theory of capitalism and Emile Durkheim’s structural functionalism theory of dynamic density. Both theories remain relevant today, and a correlation exists regarding the effect of social media on egoistic versus altruistic states of ano mic suicide in present society. In summation of the article, the MexicanRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 Pagesorder, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective Conflict Perspective Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Functional Perspective Conflict perspective Symbolic interaction perspective Classical Sociology Auguste Comte- French Philosopher Founder of the discipline of Sociology Karl Marx- German Philosopher Was inspired by Hegelian Idea Emile Durkheim- French Sociologist Feared and Hated social disorders Max Weber- German Philosopher

Essay on Shocks - 2819 Words

Electroshock Therapy Electroshock therapy what is it? How does it work? What is it used for and what comes from it? This paper will answer all of these questions and will also try to prove that electroshock therapy is useful and not as bad as it appears to be. Electroshock therapy is an old process of ridding schizophrenia, and depression, and suicidal tendencies. It is used when people with major depression are taking too many anti depressant drugs, can’t take the side-effects of their medication, or they are taking too many drugs and anti-depressant drugs are too risky to take. It is also used to irradiate certain cases of schizophrenia and is being studied to treat dementia. (Mental Illness Assessment and Treatment p.78). Convulsive†¦show more content†¦The side that is chosen is the same side as the dominant hand. This method is said to reduce short term memory loss and confusion, another method of ECT is placing the electrodes over both temples. This method is proved to work better t han unilateral treatment(Mental Illness Assessment and Treatment p.79). Electroshock therapy consists of a series of treatments, a patient is usually scheduled for two to three times a week for six to twelve treatments of depression. The treatment tine for schizophrenia is usually twenty-five to thirty treatment. The entire ECT process takes anywhere from twenty to forty minutes from start to finish (Mental Illness Assessment and Treatment p.79). Even though ECT predominantly effective, there are many risks involved including drowsiness and confusion for about an hour. Short-term memory loss will occur, but there memory will come back to them in tine. Another risk of ECT is the patient’s heat is affected by the seizures and the drugs, i.e. muscle relaxants, anesthesia, and barbiturates. Side effects such as headaches, speech loss, nausea, muscle soreness, and skin burns ( around the electrode sights). These sides effects go away within a few hours, with acceptation of speech loss coordination which might take up to six months to recover(Mental Illness Assessment and Treatment p.79). Depression is a disorder that affects millions of people everyday, some of these people haveShow MoreRelatedTypes of Shock Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Describe the five different types of shock and include for each, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment. Shock is described as life threatening medical emergency resulting from insufficient blood flow through the body (Huether Mccance, 2012) There are five types of medical shock. These include septic shock, anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and neurogenic shock (Huether Mccance, 2012). Septic shock results from bacteria that multiply in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Shock889 Words   |  4 PagesShock is a life-threatening condition with a variety of underlying causes. Shock is caused when the cells have a lack of adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients. In cases of shock, blood is shunted from peripheral areas of the body to the vital organs. Hemorrhage and decreased blood volume are associated with some, but not all, types of shock. Adventitious lung sounds occur in the upper airway D) Heart and respiratory rates are elevated Ans: D Feedback: As sepsisRead MoreEssay on Culture Shock1163 Words   |  5 Pagesanswered with a smile â€Å"the heat is running aunty† whatever she meant I did not understand, although she spoke in English she had an American accent which took me long to adapt and decipher. My brother knowing that I will definitely experience culture shock, started giving me tidbits of what I would expect. I remember him saying â€Å"This is America my sister, they speak different here, many things have different names from home†. He then told me â€Å"open the trunk and offload your luggage â€Å"I responded â€Å"whereRead MoreShock Prep595 Words   |  3 Pagesmortality rates as high as 28%-50%. Septic shock: Is the presence of sepsis with hypotension despite fluid resuscitation along with the presence of inadequate tissue perfusion. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): Is the failure of two or more organ systems in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention. Identify the nursing priorities in the care of the patient with sepsis and septic shock: Oxygenation -Provide supplemental O2 Intubation/mechanicalRead MoreA True Culture Shock Essays867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe symbolic, ideational, and intangible aspects of human societies. The essence of a culture is not its artifacts, tools, or other tangible cultural elements but how the members of the group interpret, use, and perceive them I still remember the shock I got when I first moved here. What a terribly superficial culture this country has, I could not imagine. The way people treat each other, especially in conversations when they meet you, they may ask you: How are you? for that incidence beware thatRead MoreFailure to Escape Traumatic Shock660 Words   |  3 PagesFailure to Escape Traumatic Shock by Seligman and Maier The purpose of this study was to determine the type of learning acquisition in dogs that were subjected to three different styles of electric shock. They wanted to determine what method of learning worked the best to avoid a shock for an extended period of time. Each of the three groups of dogs learned escape/avoidance training, however the escape group and the yoked group gained more training than the normal control group. The escapeRead MoreEssay Filmmakers Use of Shock in Psycho and Jaws1528 Words   |  7 PagesShock is a feeling of fascination and excitement mixed with anxiety, tension, suspense and surprise developed from an unpredictable, mysterious, and engaging source of entertainment (Merriam-Webster). Shock can occur whenever there is a perceived suspended drama, with tension, suspense or surprise being the primary emotions felt by the audience as part of the situation (Dirks). However, the term is most often used in regards to an audience’s perception in drama tic works such as film. One often experiencesRead MoreThe Shock Is A Life Threatening Condition Of Circulatory Failure1568 Words   |  7 PagesShock is a life-threatening condition of circulatory failure that most commonly presents with hypotension. The effects of shock are initially reversible but can rapidly become irreversible, resulting in multi-organ failure (MOF) and death. when a patient present with undifferentiated hypotension, it is important that the clinician rapidly identify the aetiology so that appropriate therapy can be administered to prevent MOF and death (Vincent, 2013). Assessment of hemodynamic status in a shock stateRead MoreCulture Shock By Peter L. Berger990 Words   |  4 PagesPeter L. Berger once said, â€Å"The sociologist routinely experiences culture shock in his own home.† The definition of cultural shock is when someone finds himself or herself in an environment that’s unfamiliar and someone doesn’t really know how to act or do. It is out of the person’s comfort zone and to try to fit and feel included in society, once must first face the uncertainty of how the unknown culture acts like. When the sociologist looks closely at these things, he finds unexpected motives,Read MoreThe Overwhelming Infection of Septic Shock980 Words   |  4 PagesKleinpell states, â€Å"Septic shock is the result of an overwhelming infection, leading to hypotension, altered coagulation, inflammation, impaired circulation at a cellular level, anaerobic metabolism, changes in mental status and multiple organ failure (as sited in Ga rretson Malberti, Ignatavicius and Workman (2009), â€Å"sepsis is a widespread infection coupled with a more general criteria: body temperature higher than 380C or lower than 360C, heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute, respiratory

Small Group Theories free essay sample

Theories are built when we observe a phenomenon and witness a repeated pattern of events for which warrant explanation. Theory is simply the organization of information to explain and ultimately predict a phenomenon. A scientific theory allows us to make reasonably precise predictions. Theory: A Practical Approach to Group Communication Theory helps us recognize the presence of conditions that call for certain actions. Explanatory Function helps to understand a process and the ways in which different facets of it are related. (diagnosis) helps make sense of the processes involved when people interact with others in a group. Communication is the driving force that moves groups toward their goals. Theoretical Perspectives for the Study of Small Group Communication Small group theory attempts to explain and predict small group phenomena. Social Exchange Theory Groups remain attractive to their members as long as the rewards of group membership exceed the costs. Rewards include fellowship, job satisfaction, achievement, status, goal achievement, personal need fulfillment. Costs include frustration, mental effort, anxiety, embarrassment. Cohesiveness and Productivity are directly related to how rewarding the group experience is to its members. Rules Theory For successful communication to take place, group members must share followable, prescriptive rules that structure their interaction. Rules can be understood as if-then statements. Underlying principle is a condition-action structure of rules. A Rule is a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts. Group theory and research refers to rules as norms. Once established, group norms direct the groups activities. Understanding rules theory and its application to small groups can help you to encourage norms which are productive and avoid those that are dysfunctional. Systems Theory The small group is an open system composed of interdependent elements-that receives input, processes the input, and yields anoutput. Systems theory provides the most prevalent approach to the study of small groups. It represents the most promising perspective on small group communication (flexible, large # of variables that influence small group interaction). Symbolic Convergence Theory Group members develop a group consciousness and identity through the sharing of fantasies or stories which are often chained together and have a common theme. Explains how certain types of communication shape a groups identity and culture, which in turn influence other dynamics such as norms, roles, and decision making. Over time groups develop a collective consciousness with shared emotions, motives, and meanings. A fantasy theme consists of the common or related content of the stories the group tells. A fantasy chain is a string of connected stories that revolve around a common theme. Structuration Theory People use rules and resources in interaction to structure social systems. Helps explain why and how groups develop the rules and behavior patterns they adopt. Especially useful in helping understand group communication within broader organizational cultures. New Technologies and Small Group Communication Theory New information technologies are restructuring how we communicate. Group Decision Support System (GDSS) any computer-based information system used to support intellectual collaborative work. GDSSs include technological support for agenda setting, rules for discussion (parliamentary procedure), and communication technologies that allow multiple users to interact simultaneously. New technologies will increasingly reshape how groups make decisions and solve problems. Technology does not necessarily result in any particular group outcome; it is how the group works technology into its interaction that has the impact. A Descriptive Approach to Small Group Communication The constellation model is a comprehensive framework that suggests features and relationships critical to an understanding of small group communication. The framework depicts small group communication as a constellation of variables, each related to every other. Communication establishes and maintains the relationships among these essential variables. The seven essential variables are communication, leadership, goals, norms, roles, cohesiveness, and situation. Small group communication theory seeks to explain the relationships among these and other variables and to make predictions based on such explanations. Putting Principles into Practice Scientific theories explain consistencies in communicative behavior that researchers have observed within small groups. Theories allow us to predict the probable consequences of various actions. Observe groups of which you are a member. As you do apply the following theories: Social exchange theory to describe satisfaction levels. Systems theory to organize interpretations of group actions. Symbolic convergence theory to understand the group personality (rules, roles, decision making). Structuration theory- to increase your influence in any group. The practicality of our theories is measured only by how we can use them to be more effective group leaders, members, and scholars. Exercises List of Informal Theories about Ordinary Day Rules that Govern Behavior in Groups: If . . . Then The Importance of Situation (context) Class Simulation

Achieving Closure in The Kite Runner Essay Example

Achieving Closure in The Kite Runner Essay In many cases, writers achieve closure, which is the ‘tying up’ of the narrative, to allow readers to think about how the content, form and structure of a text creates a meaning. To effectively achieve unity and coherence in the narrative, the closure needs to be constructed with aspects such as; dealing with loose ends, solving problems, and answering questions. ‘The Kite Runner’ also achieves closure through the use of these narrative techniques, which will be analyzed briefly in this essay. Throughout the ending chapters of the book, we come across with themes related to religion and God. In chapter 25, Amir is in a position of panic due to Sohrabs grave injury. And during this scene, Amir uses a sheet as a prayer rug to pray for the first time in fifteen years. â€Å"I will do zakat, I will do namaz†, quotes such as these support the idea of the theme given and also provide as s resolution as Amir finally prays after fifteen years with the last one being when his father had received the CAT scan for cancer. These two scenes offer a parallelism in that they both demonstrate the struggle of Amir and through it achieves closure. We will write a custom essay sample on Achieving Closure in The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Achieving Closure in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Achieving Closure in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While the narrator speaks in first person, describing the events of his past, during this chapter, the tense changes from past to present, bringing tension into the story and allowing the readers to be immersed into the action. Furthermore, the story is told in Amir’s perspective, therefore feeling his desperation and increasing the readers’ empathy towards Amir. â€Å"I see I bow† with all these present tense, there is no sense of predetermined outcome, everything is immediate and therefore we have no clue as to what is going to happen later on. It could be added that this is one of the climax in the book as there is a rise in tension and is also the point of resolution or development of whether Sohrab will make it alive or not. Another way in which Hosseini achieves closure in his book is by app

Stereotypes of Native Americans in Film

Stereotypes of Native Americans in Film Introduction Native Americans are the people who lived in the supercontinent of America before the Europeans went to settle there. They are the indigenous people of the continent of America. Some people also call them the American Indians. These people did not welcome the Europeans movement to their continent.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stereotypes of Native Americans in Film specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like any other society in the pre-colonial times, the Native Americans faced the Europeans with hostility in their attempt to prevent the whites from settling in their native land.  Their actions and nature made the Europeans develop a negative attitude towards them since they did not give them a chance to control the society. This became the platform for moviemakers in the film industry not only during those times, but also in the present time. It created the atmosphere of stereotypes in films es pecially those from the West.  According to Lippmann, stereotypes are standardized mental pictures that members of a group hold in common and present a simplified opinion, prejudiced attitude and judgements that are not critical (24). Native Americans were simple people who based their culture more on mystery than science. North America had approximately six hundred different indigenous American societies speaking two hundred different languages. The whites treated all these societies as one entity in stereotyping the Native Americans (Barnett 72). The film industry has played an important role in bringing out the perceptions of the Europeans towards the Native Americans. According to Battaille and Silet, Native Americans have appeared in movies/films since the beginning of the industry in 1894 (14). It is important to note that the stereotypes held towards the Native Americans are negative and damaging and this underscores racism and segregation that this minor group has experien ced throughout the history. Stereotyping of the Native Americans was not only by films, but also by other forms of art. The western community also used fiction and literature. However, films/movies earned masses of audience due to its ability to show moving images. The images in the films helped the audience to get a more precise image of the stereotypes than the other forms of art. However, the stereotypes of the Native Americans in films have exhibited a gradual change over the centuries. Films and perpetuation of Native Americans stereotypes There are several reasons why the media, films, stereotyped the Native Americans. The Western Community wanted to confirm their superiority. They viewed the Native Americans as people who had juvenile and unsophisticated minds (Tuska 18). They wanted the American Indians to embrace their civilized way of living-their social values, worldview, social structure as well as their beliefs.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the Native Americans had their own ways of living and did not find it necessary to adapt the ‘civilized’ ways of the Europeans. Stereotyping of the Native Americans was a type of entertainment. It is because the films have the ability to give an audio-visual presentation of events as well as people’s views.   Films and television presentations reach masses of audience. By presenting the stereotypical images of the American Indians in an entertaining manner, the Europeans were certain that the images would create the intended picture to the audiences’ minds. The impact of such films remained strong in most Americans’ minds to the extent of stigmatizing the indigenous Americans. The other major reason for stereotyping the Native Americans is that it was an approach for the white society to justify their stealing of land from the indigenous Americans. They also used stereotyping as a means of perpetuating the myths on how the western society built America. The Western Community used film images to present the Native Americans as savage, drunken, lazy, and heathen as well as people with who lacked family relationships. They portrayed the Native American man as an individual who was very primitive just like an animal (Delloria 3). An example of such a film is the â€Å"Wild West†. It depicts the Native Americans as haters who lack the least sense of morality. In this film, whenever a Native American character appears, he is involved in evil activities such as raping young girls or women, robbing and even killing people maliciously. Most of these films focused on the negative attributes of the Native Americans and the good traits of the western society. For instance, in the film ‘Wild West’, the western cowboys act as the good people who make relentless efforts to rescue the victims of the Native Americansâ€℠¢ acts. From the beginning of the Film industry to the end of the Second World War, all the scenes in films revolved around the negative perceptions that the Europeans had on the Native Americans. In some productions, the Europeans expressed their hatred of the Native Americans. This was evident on the movie, ‘The Searchers’ which centres on a young girl who was taken after the murder of her parents. During the search, one of the western men found one of the natives dead and shot him on both eyes. The shooting of the dead man is an expression of the western’s society hatred on the Native Americans.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stereotypes of Native Americans in Film specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other films that perpetuated Native American stereotypes are ‘Duel in Diablo’, ‘Redman and the Child’, ‘Ramona’ and ‘The Battle of Elderberny Gu lch’. In all these films, the directors/producers did not use Native Americans as characters. The stars of horror movies such as Bela Lagos and Lon Chuney represented the ‘savages’. However, there are some few cases where Native Americans appeared in the films to enhance the creation of an appropriate atmosphere. Native Americans who appeared in such movies include Will Rogers, Chief Dan George, Graham Green and Willie Sampson. By 1890, the Western Society had killed most of the Native Americans. Prior to these years most of the film producers had taken their plots. Since the settlement of the whites in America, producers created many films depicting the bad character of the Native Americans. Between 1951 and 1970, for example, western film producers produced approximately eighty-six movies based on stereotype themes (Delloria 4). The aspect that made these films to find an extensive market was the violence that they portrayed. The emotional aspect that the war f ilms bring plays a major role in engaging the audience thus attracting masses to these films.  The stereotypes fall under three categories. Based on time, the Europeans treated the Native Americans as creatures of a particular time-the time when they were devoted to fight for their land. During this time, the whites experienced the savage warrior in the Native Americans’ land. The second category of the stereotyping is that of the negative interpretation of the American culture by the Europeans. The Americans and the western society had very different cultural values. The Europeans attempted to interpret the Native American culture using their own cultural values through these films. It led to the creation of more stereotypes. The European view of the different American society as one identity is the final category of stereotypes. Different individuals as well as societies have different ways of doing things. The Europeans did not put this into consideration leading into th e misconception of the American Indians. Modern day stereotyping of the Native Americans The increased use of films in stereotyping the Native Americans widened the gap between the Native Americans and the Europeans. As a result, the film producers decided to change the theme of most of their movies. The first film that they produced to make the audience sympathise with the Native Americans was the ‘Lone Ranger’ though Tonto, the main character representing the Native Americans was less intelligent.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It opened a way of improving the image of the Native Americans in films. Another film by Delmer Daves, the ‘Broken Arrow’ treated the Native Americans in a sympathetic way. Tuska said that, â€Å"It is the only movie that asked audiences to take the side of the Indians† (26).  It is the first film to win the Association of American Indian Affairs Award. The other films that played an important role in breaking the stereotypes were, ‘Tell them Willie Boy is here’, ‘Dancers with Wolves’, ‘Little Bigman’ and the ‘Soldier Blue’. The Americans produced these movies between 1949 and 1991. The image of the Native Americans portrayed in films changed gradually. Producers of such movies chose to major in uplifting the status of the Native Americans. The films no longer depicted the Native Americans as savages, primitive and lazy people. On the contrary, they were smart people who saved their country from the exploitati on by the Europeans.  A most recent film that has helped to paint a good picture of the Native Americans is ‘Dr. Quin Medicine Woman’. It is an example that brings out most of the good traits of the Native Americans. For instance, it portrays them as very helpful: Dr. Quin goes to look for a medicine to cure an illness of the whites. When the town people did not have food to hold a thanksgiving feast, the Native Americans gave them food for the occasion. The Native Americans, in this film, are very friendly as compared to previous films that portrayed them as beasts. They are also more intelligent than the white people are. It is evident that with time the Europeans have respectfully perceived the Native Americans.  Education is a factor that has played a major role in eliminating the Native American stereotypes. It made many people understand that the relationship between the Native Americans and the whites was solely human. Education made people to understand the history of the American Indians leaving them with no excuse to condemn their culture. It further explains that any other group of people would have acted just as the Native Americans. Most people now understand that stereotyping was an approach that the Europeans employed to justify the stealing of the Native Americans’ land and exploitation of their resources. With this understanding, the film industry has ceased from using misleading stereotypic films of the Native Americans. As a result, there has been a decline of such movies. In their efforts to restore their dignity and improve their image, the Native Americans have also found their way to the film industry. Unlike in the past, the film producers incorporate Native Americans as stereotypes of the good traits. This has been a major improvement in the industry. Conclusion Stereotypes of Native Americans in films initially portrayed the Americans as the worst people that have ever existed in the entire American history. Th e stereotypes portrayed the American Indians as hostile, vengeful, immoral and savage. These films received great audience within the American territories. However, they exhibited a declining trend at the end of the Second World War. In this period, producers got a new plot for their movies. The first film that portrayed a good image of the Native Americans won the Association of the American Indian Affairs Award. The award played a major role of motivating the film industry producers to work on improving the image of the native Americans though their productions. Consequently, the industry produced more films that boosted the status of the Native Americans. The films changed the image of the American Indians, from the bad I to good. The good Indian was brave, simple, close to nature and friendly to the whites. Modern films and television presentations have embraced productions that portray the Native Americans as good people in their own perspective. The other aspect that has contr ibuted to this achievement is education. It has made large populations understand the history of the Native Americans. Many people know that the Europeans treated the Native Americans with great hostility; therefore justifying the Americans’ reaction. Owing to this, we expect that in future the film industry will continue to present good image of the American Indians.. Barnett, Louise.The Ignoble Savage: American Literary Racism. Westport,  Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1975. Battaille, Mathew, and Silet, Lester. The Entertaining Anachrosm. New Jersey: Jerome  Ozer Publishers, 1980. Delloria, Vine. Custer Died for your Sins: An Indian Manifesto. Norman, Oklahoma:  Lippmann, Walter. Public Opinion. New York: Macmillan Press, 1961. Tuska, Jon. The American West in Film: Critical Approaches to the Western. Westport,  Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985.

Why Black Women Viewed As Being Too Outspoken Essay

Why Black Women Viewed As Being Too Outspoken - Essay Example The researcher states that women of black ethnicity they view almost every aspect of their lives as being dominated by the aspect of their being both of the female gender and the second being of black ethnicity This applies to most black women regardless of their feminist or non-feminist orientation or inclination. In addition, failure to use the approach tends to elicit strong and bitter sentiments in fuelling their outspokenness. This is in light of the having their most powerful tools abolished from use, thus appears as a form of discrimination against, which makes them more outspoken. In addition, black women are outspoken due to the history they share with the white women. This is due to the racism associated with the women’s movement, where they find a strong sense of obligation to speak out for the rights of women, while at the same time advocating for the rights of African-Americans as a whole. With this in mind, black women carry the cross for women concerning being t oo outspoken even on issues that would ordinarily draw out sentiments from other ethnicities. This is usually seen as an attempt by black women to take control of every situation and exploit it to their own advantage. In addition, black women are perceived to be outspoken due to their harsh reality in the life live, as well as the numerous stereotypes that face them. This is concerning their ability to adapt and fit into a given situation that may be too difficult for them. The attempt is a means to escape from the harsh reality of their lives. However, outspokenness in black women does not only fall into one category of verbal activities but also goes hand in hand with physical activities that they engage in. This is as seen in their ability to throw away all sense of self-worth, for some, in modern-day vices. Vices, in this case, refer to degrading situations as seen in hip-hop music videos, in which they dance half-naked. This reinforces their image of lewdness to the public eye by accepting to participate in such events.

Animal play VS human play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal play VS human play - Essay Example In his explanations, he uses poetic language which is what plays are all about and therefore making his readers think outside the box of the plain language in order to understand his explanations and which will enable the reader to also engage in the same when reading and analyzing a poem in future (Brown 1). Huizinga’s article also like Brown’s discusses and elaborates plays. His approach is however different from that used by Brown even though both discussions center on both animal and human plays. He concentrates mainly on the cultural aspects and meaning the different plays have or which they try to relay or portray to the public. Other than explaining only the cultural meaning of plays, Huizinga categorizes and analyzes the psychological, physiological and even the biological aspects of a play (these are plays’ inner terminologies and language same as those used by Brown in his article). Huizinga concentrates more about what the plays mean and represent and not the type or category it belongs to (Huizinga 97). In spite of their different articles which are also different in discussion, both writers seem to be communicating with each other and their works also seem to be a continuation or explanation in detail of the other. As mentioned before, the article by Brown seems to center majorly on the play types and categorization according to their themes. He does this by use of minimal poetic language (that is however understood) numerous illustrations. The work of Huizinga is a deeper explanation of the meanings of different types of plays and their analysis under different themes and theories. This analysis therefore uses poetic language that is technical and if one is not familiar with such a language, then even the explanations being made will not be understood. Reading from Brown’s article to that by Huizinga is like a continuation but in much more details and requiring more concentration than was previously

United States (US) Constitution and government Essay Example for Free

United States (US) Constitution and government Essay In a stirring analysis of the system of checks and balances that was to form the cornerstone of the United States (US) Constitution and government, James Madison underscores how the structure of government must ensure the proper functioning of the system (1788). He argues that for each particular branch of the government – the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary – to both maintain autonomy and yet be accountable, â€Å"the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places† (Madison 1788). Two aspects become important here: firstly, each branch of the government had to retain independence of the other two in order to work smoothly and without hindrance; secondly, there was to be as little role in the appointment of the members of one branch by those of another. The natural mode of selection, therefore, becomes popular choice. However, as Madison notes, given the specific requirements of the members of the judiciary, popular selection may be â€Å"inexpedient† (1788). Indeed, judicial positions were determined by the US Constitution to be filled by executive appointment; over time, this has tended to indicate a tacit complicity between the executive and the judiciary, rather than independence. Perhaps, it may have been wiser to allow the executive to forward a list of possible appointees to the judiciary, and popular election would decide who finally receives the appointments. Madison stressed on the distribution of power among and within the three branches in a such a way that the pulls and pressures of each would satisfactorily balance the other, and government as a whole would pave the way for the pursuit of liberty. He understood that the most important check would come from the people, with a system of control flowing not only from the rulers to the ruled, but also in the reverse direction. Government, thus, would be based on consent with citizens reserving the right to recall. However, he also advocated a system of â€Å"auxiliary controls† that would supply  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives†¦where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other–––that the private interest of every individual may be a sentinel over the public rights.† (Madison 1788) Each branch of government received a source of authority that would abridge any tendency by the others to exercise absolute power. Thus, as the legislature retained both the purse strings of the US and the final word on international treaties, the executive retained control over the armed forces, while the judiciary maintained the right to review legislations and executive actions. However, in the light of recent history, it must be said that the US presidency has assumed a position of almost unrestrained authority, and the influence of the executive over the other two branches has become a prominent feature of US politics. Madison failed to foresee this; in fact, he thought that the democratic system of governance in the country would make the legislature preeminent (1788). Madison ends with two important observations. Firstly, he mentions the safeguards for individual liberty arising out of not only the federal constitution but also the state constitutions. Secondly, he cautions against majoritarian tyranny by calling for the development of a ‘societal will’ and the deconstruction of any homogeneous majority through the toleration of diverse practices, views, and beliefs and through â€Å"many separate descriptions of citizens† (Madison 1788), a task that still remains incomplete. References Madison, J. (1788) ‘The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments.’ The Federalist No. 51. Retrieved 29 April, 2008, from http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa51.htm

Demings Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Essay -- essay

Deming's Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Clarify your Concept Define your mission/vision/goal -- aim for constant improvement in the product or service you offer your clients. You cannot do this without maintaining a high level of motivation and satisfaction in the people that comprise your organization -- consider that an aspect of your goal. Realize your Concept With clear vision and energetic motivation, make your concept a matter of daily practice: have a long term, not short term profit orientation. find, understand (the causes), and root out the 4 detriments (fear, jealousy, anger, revenge). eliminate practices that undermine workers' self / mutual respect and motivation (production quotas, sloganeering, sexist / racist expressions, favoritism / nepotism). foster all chances for pride of workmanship and sharing in the improvement process. System & Process Management [the Core of TQM Practice] Study and understand in ever greater depth the process of production or service that you are delivering. Deming's 85/15 rule: 85% of a worker's effectiveness is determined by the system he works within, only 15% by his own skill. To break down your system into meaningful blocks for analysis, consider your "internal customers" of processes. Look at inputs from suppliers -- when you understand the importance of quality and timeliness in your inputs, you will stop buying on low-bid only. Quantitative analysis of process -- use Statistical Pr... Deming's Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Essay -- essay Deming's Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Clarify your Concept Define your mission/vision/goal -- aim for constant improvement in the product or service you offer your clients. You cannot do this without maintaining a high level of motivation and satisfaction in the people that comprise your organization -- consider that an aspect of your goal. Realize your Concept With clear vision and energetic motivation, make your concept a matter of daily practice: have a long term, not short term profit orientation. find, understand (the causes), and root out the 4 detriments (fear, jealousy, anger, revenge). eliminate practices that undermine workers' self / mutual respect and motivation (production quotas, sloganeering, sexist / racist expressions, favoritism / nepotism). foster all chances for pride of workmanship and sharing in the improvement process. System & Process Management [the Core of TQM Practice] Study and understand in ever greater depth the process of production or service that you are delivering. Deming's 85/15 rule: 85% of a worker's effectiveness is determined by the system he works within, only 15% by his own skill. To break down your system into meaningful blocks for analysis, consider your "internal customers" of processes. Look at inputs from suppliers -- when you understand the importance of quality and timeliness in your inputs, you will stop buying on low-bid only. Quantitative analysis of process -- use Statistical Pr...

Human Goodness & Beauty Essay

You ever wonder why people can be so harsh but yet still do good things for people? Do things they wouldn’t normally do that’s nice, but they did it anyways or are not suppose to do? The Book Thief is a book that describes lots of this and this paper will explain the main theme of the book. The Book Thief’s main theme is Human Goodness and Beauty because the book has lots of goodness in people, people looking out for one another, and bring each other joy through actions or words. With people showing Human Goodness they do good deeds to help other people or animals. This can go from helping a dog stuck in a fence to a person in a car accident. Even a guy/girl that is a real pain all the time will help someone that is in danger because they don’t wanna be the witness of a death or something/someone being hurt. Say for example that someone doesn’t have anything to do, and a person talks with that person finds something to give them to do they will usually grab it for them shown here, â€Å"the weekly edition of the Molching Express, she lifted it out took home, presenting it to Max,† (Zuzak 221). This shows the expression by someone getting someone something for another person that they don’t normally have and giving it to them. Most of the time they will be happy for you doing this. In the world there is good/bad people but that doesn’t matter because they will still do something good for someone eventually no matter what it is. In the book Rosa Hubermann is a good example of this, â€Å"Rosa Hubermann, brown hair, in a bun, atrocious cooking, washes clothing for the rich, and hard headed but soft hearted women,† (Zusak 34). This quote shows that even though Rosa is a mean person, she is still nice to people at times. So Even a bad person will look out for a good person at times as well. For example they will save someone in a life or death situation because they are a nice person and don’t care if that person is mean, they are saving someones life and inturn thats what matters to them. Also people can bring other people joy through actions or words by, saying something that is really nice, or helping someone out that might be in the  need of it, but doesn’t ask. Even just doing a simple action that someone is not expecting can make them feel happy and overjoyed. â€Å"The Jew stood before him, expecting another handful of derision, but he watched with everyone else as Hans Hubermann held his hand out and presented a piece of bread, like magic,† (Zusak 394). This action of Hans shows that certain small things can bring people joy and peace. His action showed that small things can bring people joy because the jew was never expecting this, but the jew took it joyfully and thanked him for the bread. Not only does this show kindness but also shows that good people will sometimes not care what other people think and do what feels right. In conclusion, The Book Thief’s main theme is Human Goodness and Beauty because the book has lots of goodness in people, people looking out for one another, and bring each other joy through actions or words. Like lots of people have done and said it doesn’t madder if you’re nice or mean everybody will help someone, somewhere, and at sometime in life no matter how old or young you are. The body was created for many purposes and one of those purposes is helping another human being no matter the situation, or if its words or actions they are helping with.

Abby Burgin. Mr. Jones. English 12 Honors, Period 2. February

Abby Burgin Mr. Jones English 12 Honors, Period 2 February 24, 2017 Tragic Hero: O.J. Simpson Throughout time there have been an abundant amount of well-respected individuals who have let their flaws lead to their downfall. O.J. Simpson is a prime example of a tragic flaw leading to a downfall. O.J. Simpson was a luminary football player and actor who let his tragic flaw of anger and jealousy get the best of him. His tragic flaw led him to a life of crime including the alleged murder of two people, robbery, and kidnapping. At a young age, Simpson told his mother, that he would be in the paper one day, which his little sister would respond with, â€Å"In the police report.† Not only did he make the headlines as a star football player, he also†¦show more content†¦Within his first two years at the junior college, he scored more than fifty touchdowns and gained 2,445 yards rushing. He became a reputable player and even got the attention of major universities. He began playing at the University of South Carolina. He led this team to two Rose Bowl appearances in 1967 and 1968. During these appearances, Simpson scored thirty-five touchdowns and gained 3,265 yards rushing within twenty-two games. In 1968, he earned himself the Heisman Trophy (O. J. Simpson. Contemporary). At USC, he was an All-American halfback and this is where he gained all of his fame (O.J. Simpson. Biography.com). Pete Axthelm, a sports writer for Newsweek stated, â€Å"O.J. . . . has done more than his share . . . He has led the Trojans, inspired them, and when necessary carried them.† (O. J. Simpson. Contemporary). He inspired many, set NCAA football records and took his football career to the next level (O.J. Simpson. Biography.com). Simpson moved on to the National Football League draft, where the team with the worst record gets to choose first. Simpson was then granted the opportunity to play for the Buffalo Bills for part of his NFL career. In February of 1969, Simpson obtained the name of Sports Magazines â€Å"Man of the Year†. This made him the first college student to have received this honor (O. J. Simpson. Contemporary). As his NFL career took off, he yet again set records and impressed football fans. He played for the Buffalo Bills for eight

Learning Self-Analysis Essay - 546 Words

I once thought of myself as a slow learner. My friends and acquaintances seemed to have knowledge and experiences unknown to me. I now realize I was a sheltered learner. My sensory input was limited. What I saw, read, heard, and even did, was limited to what my parents, teachers, preachers and even my spouse, thought I should experience. Reading, which once seemed restricted to school books, the Bible, and parenting books, became an adventure to a new life. I acquired new desires, dreams, goals and thoughts. I developed a can-do attitude instead of a ‘wait-and-see’ approach to living. Instead of spending countless hours watching television, I checked out books from the library. In waiting rooms I would select magazines with†¦show more content†¦I wanted more information. I wanted to hear their story. I wanted to know how they did it, what they thought afterwards, and what they would do different. I began listening to different music styles. I signed up for various seminars and joined a few clubs. I wanted to hear what other people had to say. I no longer had feeling of being sheltered. I wanted to see America from the mountains to the plains, from the East Coast to the West Coast, and I did. I have visited many of the sites I have heard about and read about. I saw New York when the Twin towers were still new. I saw the Statue of Liberty, Times Square, and the street vendors up and down The Avenue of Americans. I have seen the Seattle Space Needle and Mount St. Helens before and after the eruption of May 1980. At the Mojave airport in Mojave, California, I saw the Voyager aircraft that was flown by Dick Rutan Jeana Yeager, in 1986, non-stop around the world. I have seen the dreams of others when I attended the Experimental Aircraft Association fly-in at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As an adult I experienced laughing like a child during a visit at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Just this past summer, I enjoyed hearing joyful laughter from my granddaughter when we visited Disney World in Orlando, Florida. I have experi enced the bitter cold of winter in the Canadian city of Winnipeg, Manitoba. And I have felt the hot and humid summer days along the Gulf Coast at Long Beach, Mississippi. IShow MoreRelatedLearning Self-Analysis for Nursing Program972 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Jpz777 4/15/2013 Order # 2090876 1.) What are the 4 types of Advanced Practice Nurses? What is the educational preparation for each and what role do they commonly have?   In order to be classified as an Advanced Practice Nurse, one must attain either a Masters or Doctoral degree in the field of clinical nursing. There are four types of Advanced Care Nurses: Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Clinical Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), Nurse Practitioner (NP), and Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)Read MoreWhy Do People Interest And University Or University?1005 Words   |  5 Pagesnot know a student’s ability to self-monitor levels of understanding and predict how well he will do on a particular task.’ Metacognition is the strategy thinking the thinking to figure a way to know ourselves much better in particular task. The practice of metacognitive learning lead to greater success in college or university, because this is like a guide book with the specific ways showing what you need to do and a tool to identify your abilities. It makes use self-regulation, identify ourselvesRead MoreQualitative Phase Case study716 Words   |  3 PagesA c ross-case study design (Yin, 2003) will be used for collecting and analyzing the data to help explain how those Asian doctoral students applied their thoughts and strategies to deal with their learning problems. In quantitative phase, the SRL and acculturation, which will be significant or not significant predictors of students’ ASI, will be more explored in qualitative phase through detailed, in-depth data collection. Sample In this phase, I will purposefully select 10 participantsRead MoreError Analysis : The Second And Foreign Language Learning1338 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Error analysis is a very important area of applied linguistics and of the second and foreign language learning. Applied linguistics, as a field, tries to deal with the problems and issues related to language, as well as to its learning and teaching; it also attempts to give solutions for these problems and issues. Error analysis provides a deep insight for understanding of the process of language learning. Attempts for better understanding the process of language acquisition and learning have beenRead MoreTraining1351 Words   |  6 Pagescreativity, and learning. Ensure employment security by providing new ways for employees to contribute when their : jobs change or interests change skills become obsolete Training is a planned effort by a company to facilitate the learning of employees. High-leverage training is: linked to strategic business goals and objectives, supported by top management, relies on an instructional design model, and Benchmarked to programs in other organizations. Continuous learning requires employeesRead MoreEssay on Critical Thinking/Reflection1393 Words   |  6 PagesAssessing both critical thinking and the reflection process in learning, these aspects are both intertwined. Without one, you cannot have the other. With the use of critical thinking and reflection this thought process allows us to analyse, assess, evaluate, learn and develop arguments. However this can have a twofold affect in the learning process. The learning process means taking many aspects and perspectives into account to establish an argument. Critical thinking draws on questions such as:Read MoreHow To Be an Active Leaner in a Group Environment 1639 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the Bandura’s social learning theory and situated learning by Lave and Wenger. The essay itself will consist firstly of a Literature review where I will be using third party sources for support, next there will also be a critical analysis section which will further develop my ideas an d allow me to share my own experiences. Lastly there will be a conclusion which will hopefully draw together the ideas that have been discussed and summarise the critical analysis section. It is so important forRead MoreTheoretical Framework of the Study1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthe positive student outcomes associated with service-learning. Despite this focus, only few studies have also explored the role individual characteristics play in participation in such outcomes. Susan Jones (2002), for example, finds that the student’s ability to actively participate in all aspects of her/his service-learning experience depends on â€Å"the intersection of the student’s own background. . . , developmental readiness for such a learning experience, and the privileging conditions that putRead MoreThe Effects Of Age Related On The Motivation Of Learning Efl Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesA Review of the Research on Age-Related Differences in the Motivation of Learning EFL Abstract: The investigation on the language learning motivation has long been the active field among the linguistics. This essay is a review study of a research made by Judit Kormos and Kata Csizer who aimed to test the theory of Dà ¶rnyei, namely L2 motivational self system (Dà ¶rnyei, The L2 motivational self system, 2009) by focusing on the learners’ motivation in studying English as a foreign language in threeRead MoreA Research On Malcolm Knowles1589 Words   |  7 Pagesandragogy as the art and science of adult learning. Andragogy focuses on special needs od adults learners, he classifies these need into six different categories: (1) need to know, (2) self- concept, (3) prior experience, (4) readiness to learn, (5) learning orientation, and (6) motivation to learn. Adults have special needs as learners and these needs should be taken into consideration when planning training for adults. When adults participate in a positive learning experience that follows the six assumptions

Essay on Advertising and the Womens Movement - 1942 Words

Avoiding eye contact and cowering with her legs together, Aphrodite’s naked pudica pose in the Venus de Medici ironically calls attention to the areas that she is trying hide, her breast and genitals (fig. 1). The futile attempts to hide her anatomy would be insignificant if not for the pudica’s contrasting counterpart, the male contrapposto pose, shown in figure 2. The nude male stands in a confident upright posture with his head held high and penis proudly exposed. In ancient Greece a man’s penis was a symbol of his strength, intelligence and authority, whereas pudica, â€Å"pudendus,† in Latin, means female genitalia and shame. According to Etienne Walla, an expert of Law, and Elisha Renne, who has a Ph.D. in Anthropology, evidence suggests†¦show more content†¦Explained by Jeanne van Eeden, a professor in the Visual Arts Department at the University of Pretoria South Africa, advertising in capitalistic societies has a tremendous role in shapin g how people view the world they live in (Eeden 3). She goes on to say, â€Å"Advertising images†¦stem from sets of power relations and enlist cultural codes, stereotypes, myths and ideologies in their social production of meaning† (Eeden 3). In other words, modern advertising reflects cultural class systems. Therefore, the poststructural feminist argument made by art historian Eunice Lipton that women did not form their own identities because they were not allowed to participate in art history, supports the idea that reoccurring images of women like the pudica pose created strict ‘feminine’ standards based on male expectations (Lipton 10). Even though women were enjoying the same freedoms as men, by the 1970s the obsessive preoccupation with the female body that took over American media made it apparent that the impact of long-standing male dominance had already corrupted the female psyche. In order to appreciate the dramatic challenge faced by the Women’s Movement throughout the 1960s it’s important to know the extent that the flagrant and unapologetic misogynist atmosphere had on U.S. advertising. Women were still portrayed with the passive nature of the Medici Venus; however a direct gazeShow MoreRelatedIdentity : Social Identity And Self Identity Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesp370). Advertising plays an important role in constructing ideologies and social expectation in society, which has a large influences on what people consider as their gender identity. Ideologies exist solely because the society chooses to believe it, as it is how we make sense of the world (O’shaughnessy Stadler, 2012, p371). This essay will focus on three advertisements and discuss how advertising influences and reflects women’s gender identity from the period 1950s to 2014. Advertising and genderRead MoreWhat A Woman Is Not Born, By Simone De Beauvoir Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesSupersexualize Me!: Advertising and the ‘Midriffs’, she discusses how advertisements are a major factor in shaping our views on what is masculine and feminine (2007, 95). In this essay, I will compare each chapters’ arguments, this includes power and femininity and who is to blame for disciplining women’s bodies to fit a narrow spectrum of femininity; and the similarities of the arguments when discussing how femininity is being shown in the size, movement and appearance of a women’s body and how theyRead MoreThe Comic Strip Above Captures The Essence Of What Judith Lorber And Patricia Yancey Martin Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesnorms. The authors argue that bodies are socially constructed not just in the material world but in the cultural world as well. They argue that bodies are gendered physically in a sense that they are biologically different – they point out that women’s breast can produce milk while males’ cannot and that male bodies typically have more muscle and less fat than female bodies. However, the authors argue that the gendering of bodies does not end at the physical differences but moves into the culturalRead MoreAdvertisements On The Everyday American Consumer915 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements has a huge influence on the everyday American consumer. The total amount of money spent on media advertising last year, 2015, was around one hundred and eighty-nine billion U.S. dollars. Mass corporations understand the power such ads could change the prospective of the consumer. It has been led to believe that the ads that are out for viewing main purpose is to change the way one views a topic or object. Advertisements are designed to follow the times, not led it. The main objectiveRead MoreThe Womens Liberation Movement1099 Words   |  5 Pagescentury women began to vocalize their opinions and desires for the right to vote. The Women’s Suffrage movement paved the way to the nineteenth Amendment in the United States Constitution that allowed women that right. The Women’s Suffrage movement started a movement for equal rights for women that has continued to propel equal opportunities for women throughout the country. The Women’s Liberation Movement has sparked better opportunities, demanded respect and pioneered the path for women enteringRead MoreIn Adulthood, The Sexuality Of Mature Women Is A Central1137 Words   |  5 PagesIn adulthood, the sexuality of mature women is a central focus. Women’s bodies are usually portrayed one of four ways: 1) as symbols for an object and thus exchangeable with it, 2) as a fragmented obje ct made up of component parts that are not bound together in any coherent way to create personality 3) As an object to be viewed or 4) as an object to be used (O’Malley Patterson Story, 2009). A decorative role is defined as one in which the individual is passively decorating the advertisement,Read MoreFeminism : A Social, Economic, And Social Equality Of The Sexes1465 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships, it can build new ones; this single word can change lives. Most people categorize â€Å"feminism† as a code for women that tells them to hate men, not shave, burn bras, be vegan, and if there is any time left over maybe, just maybe, to fight for women’s rights. Now, there are definitely feminists that fulfill this stereotype but the vast majority of women and men do not. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, feminism is defined as â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equalityRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Word s   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Womens Rights1517 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Womens Rights Loveday, Veronica. Feminism the Womens Rights Movement. Feminism the Womens Rights Movement, 8/1/2017, p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=prhAN=17989370site=ehost-live. In her report, Veronica Loveday writes about Women’s Rights Movement, during World War two, and many restrictions women faced. Women’s rights movement in the U.S. begun in the 1960s as a reaction to the decades of unfair social and civil inequitiesRead MoreCommercial Advertising : A Primary Attribute Of American Culture Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagesthis year, the United States advertising industry has spent about $200 billion on advertising, and $75 billion of that being on commercial advertising (CITATION). Advertising has always been a primary attribute of American culture, and especially the past couple years, commercial advertising has become the central strategy in the presidential race. In the 2016 presidential election, Republicans and Democrats together spent about $4.4 billion on their commercial advertising campaigns (CITATION), trying

Common Law Principle Deliverable State

Question: Describe about the Common Law Principle of Deliverable State. Answer: The principle of Nemo dat quad non habit meaning no one gives what he doesn't have is a common law principle that gives right to the first buyer over the second one on the pretext that the agent selling the goods to a third party has no right to sell it further. Therefore, in the present case Harris owns the carpet because of the following reasons: Bona fide purchaser: Harris is a Bona Fide purchaser and therefore she has the ownership of the carpet as she has paid the consideration, ownership has passed to Harris the moment she made the payment although there was no actual possession. Estoppel by negligence: estoppel applies on the seller as he owes a duty of care towards Harris and it was the sellers duty to protect the goods sold by him and there was negligence on the sellers part. In Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Hamblin, 1965 it was held that to prove estoppels by negligence it was necessary to prove that the seller had a duty of care against the buyer. Qui prior est tempore potior est jure: both the buyers are bona fide purchasers of the carpet, the second purchaser has an equal right as he bought it under the representation that the assistant has a right to sell and bought it in good faith, without notice of the fact that it was already sold. Therefore, in such situations according to the common law, as applied in the case of Rice v. Rice 1853, it was held that where there are equitable interests in all fairness and justice and it is assessed that both the buyers are equal in capacity then priority of time will be given. Therefore Harris being a bona fide purchaser and also since both Harris and Lewis have a right over the carpet equally as they are both bona fide purchasers therefore, the rule of Qui prior est tempore potior est jure (where priority in time of creation gives better equity) will apply. 6) You are Benners lawyer and Mr. Benner has come to you for advice. Advise Mr. Benner. It is advised that, the property did not transfer to Benner and therefore it is not his liability that the timber was damaged in fire. As per Section 21 of Sales of goods act, 1954, the goods are not transferred to the buyer until they are ascertained unless otherwise agreed (Section 22). In the present case the timber remains unascertained until it has been converted into a deliverable state, which includes cutting, trimming, packing as well as timber marking by Chen as was held by the Supreme Court of British Columbia in the case of A.M.S. Equipement Inc. v. Case, 1999 6274 (BC SC). It was also held under similar circumstances that in such a case that unless it is agreed the risk remains with the vendor until the goods are delivered. If the delay in delivery is because of the fault of the vendor then the damage is to be borne by the vendor himself if something happens to the goods befire the goods are transferred even though the complete payment has been made. Hence, the timber was not yet in a deliverable state in the given situation and hence the ownership did not pass to Benner and therefore the damage caused to the timber is to be borne by Chen.

Students And Athletics Essays - Education, Basketball,

Students And Athletics Students should be encouraged to play sports whether it be for school or just in their spare time, but I recommend it more for a team. This gives them so much and the lessons learned are unforgettable. It teaches teamwork, hard work, dedication, health concern, responsibility, good sportsmanship and so much more. They get confidence and are much better students in general. Players must keep their grades up and are much less likely to do drugs and have sex as proven by numerous studies. Even in the off season, they realize how bad health practices can affect their performance. It gives them something to do and keeps them out of trouble. I think athletes are more well rounded people. The only exceptions are the images of other athletes on TV such as Dennis Rodman, that some let the time spent at practice prevent them from doing their full potential in school, injuries, and doing their homework. Teach them all the strong points that sports can benefit them and watch them strive! It can improve their and others' lives by making them healthier, hard working, and determined. There are so many benefits if the sport is taken seriously. So let them play sports or began to play one yourself and become a stronger person. All of this from playing a game of fun and challenge!!!! Sports and Games

Mentoring Roles in Leadership Development free essay sample

Introduction Leaders are considered as the significant aspect in communities or organizations. The impact of leaders can lead organizations to the success or adversely to the failure in achieving their goals. Many perspectives on this theme had created comprehensive understanding and may be used in many different contexts. The meaning of leader and leadership and other debatable issues associated in its construct should be understood in its context and perspective. Definition of leadership in this topic will focus on knowledge, skills, abilities and traits of the leader in the process of influencing other people or followers to do what the leader want. This definition is proposed by Barker (1997) in possibilities of leadership training which define leadership and management in the same way. To focus on the leadership as a management function is more rationalistic but it is more possible to adapt in organizational practices. In their act to lead or their behaviors to influence other people in organization, leaders have their own values and styles which are different from one another and to be owned originally. We will write a custom essay sample on Mentoring Roles in Leadership Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These values and styles are shaped by many factors along developmental process. In the process to become a leader, a person is influenced by many agencies, i. e. : parents, families, friends, colleges, educations, experiences, etc. Those agencies interact in complicated ways and shape leadership values and styles. One important agency is mentor which is a person who plays a role as guru, coach, model in the process of learning become leaders. Mentor-protege existence is recorded since the old history and has varied interpretations in its practices. However, mentor-protege relationship is proved as a useful method for leaders to develop their leadership role. Mentoring as a means in organization has attracted many researches to study its role and dynamic since it is used to increase personal ability and in the end is hoped can give optimum benefits to organizations. There are many views about the role of mentoring in organizations based on the findings. Even though there are skeptical views about the role of mentoring in organization, I believe that mentoring in a broad definition is a very useful method and should be implemented properly to get its benefits. In the effort to get the clearer insight about mentor-protege phenomena, I will begin with explaining mentor and protege definition, aspects involved in the relationship, benefits of mentor-protege relationship, barrier of a successful relationship, other effects in relationship,and model in mentorship. In the last part, I try to look out relevancy of mentoring in the current organizational context. Definition of Mentorship To have comprehensive understanding about mentor we need to know the root of its word and how this term uses in many fields. There are many definition and debatable issues associated in this definition. However, I suggest to give the meaning of mentor-protege based on its root in mythology. History of Mentor The concept of mentoring can be traced from Greek mythology. In Odyssey of Odysseus, Mentor was the faithful companion of Odysseus, King of Ithaca who took an important role for Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, when the King went off to the Trojan wars. Mentor’s duty was to raise Telemachus and prepare him as the successor of Odyssey. According to Samier (2000,p. 85), based on Odyssey story, there are three fundamental roles in mentoring: guardian, guide, and counselor. While Carruthers (1993,p. 9) explain that in this story, Mentor had a role as a father figure, a teacher, a role model, an approachable counsellor, a trusted adviser, a challenger, an encourager to Telemachus. Carruthers also add the figure with Athene, also from Greek mythology, who sometimes is assumed the form of mentor and acted as mother figure and wisdom. On the other hand, protective aspect of the role Mentor has raised the word â€Å"protege†, come from French verb, proteger means to protect. This word is used to a person who receives mentor interest. Mentor-protege relationships have become a pattern of learning or play a significant factor in development of successful persons along centuries. Head and Gray gave a list of famous persons with mentor-protege relationship from Sir Thomas More until Michael Jackson (Carruthers,1993). This role of Mentor to help Odyssey’s successor in his developmental phase is used in many fields and sometimes in very simple ways. In this discussion, we focus on leadership in organization that needs understanding in integration of intellectual and emotional capabilities of individual. Mentor Concept Although the concept of mentor is real along history and seems simple and easy to understand, in the process of determine a definition, there are many varied views come from many authors. Carruthers(1993) explained a range of definition, from brief definition in Webster Universal Dictionary, ‘mentor is counsellor, wise and prudent adviser’ and Carmin’s comprehensive definition of mentor, ‘mentoring is a complex, interactive process occurring between individuals of differing levels of experience and expertise which incorporates interpersonal or psychosocial development, career and/or educational development, and socialization functions into the relationship. To have a guide for this ‘mentor’ term, Carruthers(1993) proposed that most mentor interpretations can be devided into two categories: the first is which emphasise the professional development only, the second is which emphasise professional and personal development of the protege. In other field, term of mentor also used broadly and there are many debatable issues associated with mentor activity. Wood (1997,p.27) explain mentor happened in Mentor story is the idea of a senior or older person who pay attention to a younger person and acting as an advisor and guide. She also claims that the idea of mentoring in the business world is happened when a junior employee assigned a more senior adviser to help them develop their career. Samier (2000) states that values and interpretations of mentorship are depend on one’s disposition in humanistic or positivistic direction. In his view, mentorship program can be seen as a reaction to the negative effect of modernization which produces alienation in social relation. To study mentoring, it will need phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives because the subject is interpersonal relationship in professional development which is subjective, symbolic and context-dependent experiences. Mentorship also is seen as a means of addressing equity problems by supporting women and minorities. His view of practical use of mentoring also found in organization, to be function as an innovative means of supporting conventional organizational goals and practices by offering a technique for coping with change. Aspects involved in Mentor Concept Samier (2000,p. 85) state that to construct a comprehensive and clear conceptual framework of mentoring, we need to look its role definition, characteristic of actors, character of relationship and typical phases/stages. These mentoring criteria consist of: Mentoring is a multifaceted and complex role consisting of interventionist, training, and supportive activities; mentors are older, more senior, and at the same workplace or in the same profession; the relationship is personally and affectively grounded, and governed by ethical requirements of voluntarism and mutuality, therefore not reducible to quantifiable measures; and it is a relationship which requires a minimum of two years, and in most cases three to five years, evolve. To fulfill their roles as mentor and protege, there are a number criteria or qualifying characteristics which organized by Samier(2000,p. 88) into organizational status, professional and personal qualities. In organizational status, according to Missirians’s study (1982, in Samier, 2000) mentors are seen as brilliant, charismatic,physically attractive, boundlessly energetic, innovative, and inspiring. While in professional qualities, mentors are seen have the ability to evaluate and apply technical knowledge and skill to the setting through divergent thinking (Schon,in Samier,2000). Come to personal qualities, it is include a broad range of intellectual, social and emotional traits. Anderson and Shannon (1988 in Samier,2000) propose essential dispositions in mentoring which are opening to their protege, leading incrementally and to show that care and concern to personal and professional welfare. On the other hand, proteges must be able to understand and accept their mentors in emotional, intellectual and social ways. Zey (1984 in Samier,2000) identified qualities of proteges that attract mentor which are competence, a desire to learn, initiative,intelligence, ambition, desire and ability to accept power and risk, loyalty, ability to establish alliances, and organizational savvy. Character of the relationship in mentor-protege relationship is perceived as a private, dynamic and mutually transformative relationship which is showed by trust of each other. (Samier,2000). Those Samier’s conceptual framework of Mentor is proposed to give a guidance to understan d mentorship and how to adopt it in organizational strategy. Functions of mentoring relationship as propose by Ragins(1989,p. 2), explain aspects which are training and inside information on the organization and its political function, role of mentor as a counselor, friend, role model and coach, and buffer between organization by running interference for the protege and providing special access to information, contacts and resources. Benefits of Mentor-protege Relationship Considering its broad impact, mentor is hoped to assist his protege in professional and personal development. As defined by Philips-Jones in Carruthers (1997), ‘mentors are influential people who significantly help you to reach your major life goals’. Whitely (1993) finding in his study that career mentoring is particularly related to early career promotion histories, to general work satisfaction and career satisfaction. Bolam,McMahon,Pocklington Weindling (1995) report their study on a national pilot scheme for mentoring new headteachers in England and Wales. The result of this study, the proteges mentioned benefits: help with problems, help to give meaning in their new position, reduce the isolation, obtaining another perspective and improving self confidence. On the other hand, mentors also mentioned benefits they get from relationship which are extending their professional experience, encouraging them to engage in reflective self-analysis, experience of sharing and helping others, acting as a sounding board, hearing alternative views about professional issues. Other view which emphasise the importance of relationship is come from Kram Isabella (1985). They stated that both parties involved in mentor-protege benefit from the relationship. In the process of mentoring, mentors provide young adult with career-enhancing function and psychosocial support while gain technical and psychological support, gain internal satisfaction and respect from colleagues. From a number of functions in mentoring relationship, proteges gain upward mobility in organization. Thus, mentoring relationships have been found as a significant factors in career development, organizational success and career satisfaction (Ragins,1989). Alleman (in Carruthers, 1993) identified organizational benefits from mentor-proteges relationship which are increased productivity by both partners, better assessments, improved management and technical skills, discovered latent talent, refined leadership qualities, improved performance, and better recruitment and retention of skilled staff. Clearly, benefits in mentor-proteges relationship in organizational context have a strong association in leadership. First, from proteges point of view, to experience guidance from their mentor has given them insight to behave properly or to use appropriate leadership style in many situation. It is integrated in their developmental process to gain heir own identity as a leader. Secondly, from mentors point of view, the relationship also add their capabilities as leaders, in this case their ability to develop other people. Other Effects in Relationship Meanwhile, on individual levels mentor-proteges relationship also becomes sources of tension and conflict. Braun (1990 in Samier 2000) states that these tension and conflict vary from peers feeling that the protege has acquired illegitimate advantage, to colleagues not approving of the mentor’s choice in protege, to colleagues and significant others in both the mentor and protege’s lives becoming suspicious in gender different pairing. Beside those inter personal conflict between mentor or protege and people around them, proteges should experience social and professional isolation because special assignments and extra works from those relationship (Missirian,1982 in Samier,2000). Carruters (1993) describes disadvantages in mentor-protege relationship: elitism or jealousy in mentor and protege peers, the Matthew effect which is increases the existing gap, the Salieri phenomenon when a mentor prevents his protege’s outstanding work, spouse jealousy especially if it is involved different gender, and mentor can perceived his protege as a professional threat. Baum (1992) who examined the literature on mentoring from psychoanalytic perspective, state that proteges and mentors also bring fantastic meaning unconsciously. In his view, proteges transfer their affection and identify with mentors. In my opinion, this transfer is one of failure in mentoring process because its not reach self autonomy of proteges but otherwise let proteges in dependent relationship with their mentor. Actually, those disadvantages could be diminished with cautious preparation to its model or the way mentoring program is conducted. Barriers in Mentor-protege Relationship Despite of its promising benefits, there are several factors in mentor-protege relationship that inhibit the process of successful relationship. Samier (2000) suggest that context on organizational level which are culture, systems, size and structure may not be conducive to mentoring. It says that bureaucratic environment often cause mentors and proteges have to engage in covert activities. Zey (1984 in Samier, 2000) found problems in a mentor-protege program which is not explain the purpose to mentors, different view of corporate culture, participants are coerced, poor evaluation process, inadequate contact with mentors and lack of choice in selecting mentors. Mentor-protege relationship is time and energy consuming. It is understandable to find failure in mentoring programs because the lack of support for this program. However, to take this failure as the reason for justify unimportance of the program is immature. Model for Mentorship Program Samier (2000) proposed comprehensive model in planned mentorship program derived from Andrew(1986), Zey(1984), and Murray (1991) which are: Establish clear goals and a program design which meets existing organizational and training and development needs, including staffing plans to absorb graduates; establish criteria and a process for selecting mentors and proteges; advertise, solicit participation, and screen applicants plus enlist cooperation of entire organization; provide initial orientation and ensure commitment; monitor, counsel and assist during mentoring and evaluate the outcomes of the program and provide information for adjustment. Considering a model for mentor-protege program, Carruthers(1993) stated that mentoring as a dynamic process needs to try and fit many different ways. In his view, mentoring may summarized as follows: Mutual choice is advocated; the relationship extends beyond professional interest; there is no evidence of threat, there is mutual need; there is little evidence in the literature that mentoring has disadvantage for the proteges; there is evidence of affection and trust. Model is important to give the rough way how mentoring program should be implemented. As we realize its multifaceted, mentor concept needs to be clearly understood before it take into practice. Mentoring in the Changing Organization Since its practice as a learning process for leadership preparation in Greek mythology until its practical use in human resources management in organization, mentor concept is still relevant to be implemented as organizational tools. However, we should consider other factor such us organizational changing to implement it properly in many different situation. Kram Higgins (2002) proposed that there are four significant changes in nature of career: â€Å"boundaryless† model of work environment, changing nature of technology, organizational structures and membership. Those changes have changed the nature of mentoring relationships today and particularly emerge increasing variance from which individuals get mentoring support. Also in the same point of view, Kram Isabella (1985) started to give alternatives for mentoring with peer relationship, and Keele (1986) proposed networking. Those alternatives and awareness of changing environment in organisation should be considered as enrichment in understanding mentorship role in the process of leadership learning. Conclusion Mentoring as a means in organization has attracted many researches to study its role and dynamic since it is used to increase personal ability and in the end is hoped can give optimum benefits to organizations. There are many views about the role of mentoring in organizations based on the findings. Based on its function, mentor still play a crucial role in the process becoming a leader. There are functions played by mentor-protege relationship which give meaningful progress in individual development. In this relationship, interpersonal or psychosocial development, career and/or educational development happened as the result of interactive process between mentor and protege. Benefits in mentor-proteges relationship in organizational context have a strong association in leadership. First, from proteges point of view, to experience guidance from their mentor has given them insight to behave properly or to use appropriate leadership style in many situation. It is integrated in their developmental process to gain heir own identity as a leader. Secondly, from mentors point of view, the relationship also add their capabilities as leaders, in this case their ability to develop other people. All those benefits emphasize the role of mentoring in leadership which is taking a central role to direct the organization into its success. Mentor program as one of organizations effort to adapt this relationship pattern to maximize personnel development in leadership learning should be implemented carefully. Those to be concerned are: conceptual framework of mentoring, where we need to look its role definition, characteristic of actors, character of relationship and typical phases/stages. Besides that administrator or actors in mentoring program should pay attention to potential effect in relationship and barriers in successful mentoring relationship.